Filtering occurs when a writer places a barrier between the reader and the characters’ experiences. This barrier often takes the form of unnecessary phrases that distance the emotions and actions from the reader. For example, instead of showing the character’s fear, you might write, “She felt afraid.” This sentence filters the reader’s ability to engage with the character’s emotions fully.
To avoid filtering, writers should aim to present experiences directly through the characters’ thoughts, feelings, and actions. An effective approach is to write what the character does and feels, allowing the reader to experience the moment firsthand.
Table of Contents
What is Filtering?
Filtering is when the author presents a character’s perceptions or thoughts through an intermediary layer instead of allowing the reader to experience these perceptions directly. It can include phrases like “thought,” “felt,” “saw,” or “heard.” Each of these phrases puts a layer between the reader and the action, prompting the reader to distance themselves from the narrative. Instead of immersing them in the scene, filtering acts like a stage window that keeps them at arm’s length.
Why is Filtering a Concern?
Writers often filter out emotions and actions inadvertently, which can lead to flat and uninspired prose. Readers disconnect quickly from characters or remain unmoved by the narrative. These issues weaken reader interest and limit writing power. Removing too much emotional detail keeps readers distant, particularly in high-emotion stories like thrillers and romances.
Types of Filtering Devices
Filtering can manifest in various ways, ranging from emotional filtering to sensory filtering. Each type alters the intimacy between the reader and the character.
Emotional Filtering
Emotional filtering occurs when the character’s feelings are expressed without direct action or sensory description. For example:
- Filtered Example: “He felt sadness wash over him as he stood by the grave.”
- Unfiltered Example: “Tears streamed down his face as he stood by the grave.”
In the filtered example, the emotion is simply reported, which distances the reader from the character’s experience. In contrast, the unfiltered example drops the reader directly into the scene, creating a closer connection to the character.
Sensory Filtering
Sensory filtering happens when a character’s sensory experiences are reported rather than experienced directly. Consider the difference between these two examples:
- Filtered Example: “She could hear the thunder outside.”
- Unfiltered Example: “The thunder shook the windows, rattling her heart.”
The unfiltered example immerses the reader in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the filtered version makes it easier for the reader to detach and simply read about the experience.
Thought Filtering
Thought filtering is another common example where the author tells what a character is thinking rather than showing the thought process directly. An example of this would be:
- Filtered Example: “He thought about how he would never return to that city.”
- Unfiltered Example: “He closed his eyes and pictured the streets of the city he once called home. A knot formed in his stomach at the thought of leaving it behind.”
Here, the unfiltered example provides insight into the character’s emotional state rather than just stating a thought, inviting the reader to share the experience.
Humanizing Characters Through Less Filtering
Using filtering too heavily can lead to a lack of emotional resonance in characters. Authors seeking to humanize their characters should strive for a balance between filtered and unfiltered writing. The key is to allow readers to experience emotions, thoughts, and sensory perceptions without feeling like the author is mediating them.
An excellent way to humanize a character is through dialogue. Dialogue can often bring characters to life, allowing for a more natural flow of thoughts and emotions.
Example of Effective Dialogue
Consider this exchange:
- Filtered Example: “He realized that she was upset because he had forgotten her birthday.”
- Unfiltered Example: “What’s wrong?” he asked, fear creeping into his voice. “Did I forget something again?”
In the second example, the character’s realization is shown through his immediate reaction, bringing the reader into the moment and enhancing their connection to his feelings and thoughts.
The Role of Perspective in Filtering
Perspective plays a crucial role in how filtering is applied in literature. Different narrative styles affect the use of filtering, moving between first-person, third-person limited, and third-person omniscient.
First-Person Perspective
In first-person narratives, filtering often occurs naturally as the reader experiences events through the narrator’s lens. For example:
- Filtered Example: “I could feel my pulse quicken as I approached the door.”
- Unfiltered Example: “My pulse quickened as I reached for the door.”
The unfiltered version communicates urgency and tension, enhancing the emotional experience for the reader.
Third-Person Limited Perspective
In third-person limited narratives, filtering can create emotional distance. Consider this example:
- Filtered Example: “She wondered if she could ever feel happy again.”
- Unfiltered Example: “Hope flickered like a candle in the dark as she fought against the weight of despair.”
In the unfiltered example, the reader witnesses the character’s emotional struggle more intensely, transforming an abstract thought into a vivid moment.
Third-Person Omniscient Perspective
The third-person omniscient narrator has the unique ability to shift between characters’ thoughts and experiences. This perspective can reduce the effectiveness of filtering if not handled correctly. For instance:
- Filtered Example: “He felt nervous about the upcoming meeting, but she felt confident.”
- Unfiltered Example: “He fidgeted with his tie while she stood tall, a smile playing on her lips.”
In the unfiltered variation, the contrast in emotions is vividly illustrated, allowing each character’s mood to be felt rather than merely stated.
The Impact of Filtering on Pacing
Filtering can significantly affect the pacing of a story. Overusing filters can slow down the narrative and dull its impact. A streamlined approach, which removes excessive filtering, can enhance the writing.
Example of Pacing with and Without Filtering
Consider a scene where a character is running from danger:
- Filtered Example: “He felt the adrenaline pumping through his veins as he ran for his life.”
- Unfiltered Example: “Adrenaline surged as he sprinted away, his lungs burning with every breath.”
In the unfiltered example, the urgency is palpable, creating a breakneck pace that reflects the character’s situation. The filtered version dampens the urgency, taking the reader out of the moment.
Applications of Filtering in Writing
Fiction Writing
In fiction, filtering can undermine the emotional stakes of a story. For example, in a romance, instead of writing:
- “She felt butterflies in her stomach as he approached,”
A more immersive option could be:
- “Her stomach fluttered as he approached.”
The direct sentence not only reduces filtering but also enhances the emotional connection for the reader, making them feel the butterflies alongside the character.
Screenwriting
In screenwriting, filtering can be detrimental to visual storytelling. Instead of using phrases that lead the audience, such as “The man felt angry,” it’s more powerful to demonstrate that anger through action or dialogue. For example:
- “The man slammed his fist on the table.”
This approach allows audiences to infer the character’s feelings through their actions, creating a stronger emotional reaction.
Non-Fiction Writing
Even in non-fiction writing, filtering can impact clarity and engagement. Instead of saying, “People might feel frustrated when they can’t find the information they need,” say, “People get frustrated looking for information.” This shift eliminates the filter and makes the statement more direct and engaging for the reader.
Practical Techniques for Reducing Filtering
Authors who wish to minimize filtering in their writing can employ various techniques to create a more engaging narrative.
Show, Don’t Tell
This classic writing advice encourages authors to illustrate experiences rather than describe them. Actions, sensations, and emotions should be shown directly through the characters’ experiences.
Use Vivid Descriptions
Employing descriptive language enhances the reader’s engagement and draws them deeper into the narrative. Instead of stating emotions, focus on what characters see, hear, and feel.
Break Down Actions
Breaking down actions helps to create a more vivid picture of the characters’ experiences. Instead of summarizing their thoughts, focus on their immediate actions and reactions.
Dialogue and Internal Monologue
Utilize dialogue and internal monologues to express thoughts and emotions more directly. When characters voice their feelings or thoughts, the author can immediately engage readers, eliminating unnecessary filtering.
Evaluating Filtering in Your Writing
Writers should regularly evaluate their manuscripts for unnecessary filtering. An honest assessment can lead to a tighter, more impactful narrative.
Tips for Self-Editing
- Read Aloud: Always read written work aloud. Speaking uncovers interruptions in writing rhythm and clarity. Focus closely on segments that sound clumsy or unclear.
- Identify Patterns: Look for repeated phrases that indicate filtering. Tracking these patterns will help you rephrase and transform these moments into more engaging writing.
- Get Feedback: Consider sharing excerpts with peers or readers to identify areas where filtering may be undermining emotional resonance.
Examples of Filtering and Revision
Example 1: A Character’s Fear
Filtered:
- “She felt scared as she approached the dark alley.”
Revised:
- “Her heart raced as she stepped into the dark alley.”
Example 2: A Character’s Joy
Filtered:
- “He felt happiness when he saw his old friend.”
Revised:
- “His face broke into a wide grin at the sight of his old friend.”
Example 3: A Character’s Tension
Filtered:
- “She felt anxious waiting for the results.”
Revised:
- “She twisted her hair, her heart pounding as she waited for the results.”
Additional Information
Filtering examples in writing can elevate your narrative, but some secrets often fly under the radar.
- Show vs. Tell: Instead of simply stating what a character feels, find unique examples that illustrate their emotions without forcing readers to interpret them. Don’t write, “She felt angry.” Show her knuckles whitening as her fists tighten, or describe the sharp tone snapping through her words.
- Authentic Details: Using specific, authentic details can make examples more relatable. Skip vague generalizations. Instead, reference familiar places, specific brand names, or cultural touchpoints your readers instantly recognize and connect with.
- Variety in Format: Examples don’t have to be lengthy paragraphs. Use bullet points, lists, or even snippets of dialogue to break up the text and convey your point effectively.
- Character Voices: Filter examples through different character perspectives to demonstrate diverse viewpoints. This perspective adds depth to your narrative and allows readers to engage with multiple facets of a situation.
- Context Matters: Provide context to your examples. A phrase or action can mean different things depending on the surrounding events or character dynamics. Make sure to ground your examples in the larger story.
- Experience Over Explanation: Instead of explaining a concept, have characters experience it. For instance, instead of writing about the ups and downs of love, show a character going through a breakup in a relatable scenario, like arguing over the last slice of pizza.
- Rescue Clichés: Transform clichés by giving them a new twist. Instead of the classic “love at first sight,” writers can showcase a couple who can’t stand each other at first but gradually discover unexpected compatibility.
- Unlikely Examples: Consider using unconventional examples to challenge readers’ expectations. Sharing a story from an inanimate object’s point of view or using an animal to reflect human experiences can spark curiosity.
- Emotionally Charged Language: Use strong, emotional language in your examples to evoke a response. Instead of “the weather was bad,” say, “the storm was a raging beast that threatened to swallow the town whole.”
- Conversational Tone: Keep your examples conversational. Readers connect quickly with writing that resembles an easy, informal conversation, not a formal speech.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Related to Filtering Examples
Q. What does it mean to “filter” in writing?
A. Filtering in writing refers to the practice of showing a character’s thoughts or feelings through indirect means. Instead of allowing the reader to experience the moment directly, the writer presents it through the character’s perspective.
Q. Can you give an example of filtering?
A. Sure! Instead of writing, “She felt nervous,” you could filter it by saying, “She felt a knot in her stomach.” The first example tells the reader what she feels, while the second makes them experience the physical symptoms of her nervousness.
Q. Why is filtering considered a problem in writing?
A. Filtering can distance readers from the character’s emotions. It can create a barrier, making it harder for readers to empathize with the character, which can reduce the effectiveness of the narrative.
Q. How can I avoid filtering in my writing?
A. To avoid filtering, focus on direct sensory details and immersive experiences. Instead of stating feelings or thoughts, depict characters’ actions or reactions that convey their emotions without interpretation.
Q. Is all filtering bad in writing?
A. Not necessarily. Some filtering can be useful, especially for clarity or when establishing a narrative style. The key is to balance it with direct experiences to maintain reader engagement.
Q. Can you provide a non-filtered example?
A. Absolutely! Instead of writing, “He thought about the storm,” you could say, “The storm looming outside made him feel uneasy as he stared at the dark clouds.” Doing this allows readers to enter his experience directly.
Q. What is an easy way to spot filtering in my writing?
A. Look for phrases that include “felt,” “thought,” or “saw.” If any of these words pop up frequently, you might be filtering instead of showing.
Q. How does filtering relate to point of view?
A. Filtering is often more noticeable in third-person narratives, where the narrator can inadvertently create distance between the reader and the character. First-person perspectives tend to be more immediate and less prone to filtering.
Q. Can you correct a filtering example?
A. Sure! For the example, “She felt that she was in danger,” you could revise it to, “Her heart raced as shadows danced in the corner of her vision.” This revision shows the feeling rather than tells it.
Q. What are the benefits of writing without filtering?
A. Writing without filtering enhances the emotional impact. It immerses readers in the story, allowing them to experience the characters’ thoughts and emotions firsthand, which keeps them engaged and connected to the narrative.
Conclusion
Filtering in literature is a powerful tool that helps shape a story and guides how readers experience it. By choosing what to reveal and what to hold back, authors can create tension, build character depth, and influence reader emotions. Whether through the voice of a first-person narrator or the subtle nuances of third-person perspectives, filtering adds layers to storytelling. As you dive into your next read or writing project, pay attention to how filtering impacts the narrative. It’s a technique that can transform a good story into a great one. So, embrace the skill and let it elevate your literary journey!
