Nawu mndandanda wathunthu wamabuku osindikizidwa ndi Toni Morrison, pulofesa wapakoleji, mkonzi wa mabuku, wolemba nkhani, komanso wolemba mabuku waku America wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel ndi Pulitzer.
Morrison amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha buku lake lopambana la Pulitzer, Wokondedwa, komanso wolandira Jefferson Lecture, ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri wa boma la United States pakuchita bwino kwa anthu mu 1996. Barack Obama adamupatsanso Mendulo ya Ufulu wa Purezidenti mu 2012.
Kodi Toni Morrison Ndi Ndani?
Wobadwira ku Lorain, Ohio, pa February 18, 1931, Chloe Anthony Wofford, kapena wotchuka kwambiri monga Toni Morrison, anali m'modzi mwa olemba mabuku odziwika kwambiri aku America a nthawi yake. Amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mabuku ake, omwe ali ndi zilankhulo zabwino kwambiri, mitu yayikulu komanso anthu olemera aku Africa-America.
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
Anamaliza digiri yake ya koleji ku Howard University, makamaka mu Chingerezi. Anapeza digiri ya masters patapita zaka ziwiri ndipo adaphunzitsa Chingerezi ku Texas Southern University asanabwerere ku Howard University.
Morrison adasindikiza buku lake loyamba, Bluest Eye, mu 1970. Malinga ndi mawu amene analemba m’mawu oyamba a mu 1994, iye ananena kuti kusalandira bwino bukuli n’kofanana ndi mavuto a munthu wamkulu: “kuchotsedwa, kupeputsidwa, kuŵerengedwa molakwa.”
Sizinali mpaka 1987 pamene Morrison adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Novel yake, Wokondedwa, adakhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri ake odziwika bwino, omwe adamupatsa mphotho zingapo zolembalemba, kuphatikiza Mphotho ya 1988 Pulitzer for Fiction.
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
wokondedwa amawunika moyo wa kapolo wakale wotchedwa Sethe, yemwe amakhudzidwa ndi lingaliro lake lopha ana ake onse m'malo mowachitira umboni akukhala akapolo ngati iye. Atatu mwa ana ake anakhala ndi moyo pamene mwana wake wakhanda anamwalira. Komabe, mwana wake wakufayo anabwerera ndipo anakhalabe m’nyumba mwake mosalekeza.
wokondedwa idasinthidwa kukhala filimu yongopeka yaku America yokhala ndi Thandie Newton, Danny Glover, ndi Oprah Winfrey mu 1998.
Toni Morrison Complete Booklist & Summary
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
Nawu mndandanda wathunthu wa ntchito za Toni Morrison pamodzi ndi chidule chachidule:
1) The Bluest Eye - 1970
Chidule cha Buku: Brand New, Perfect Condition, lolani masiku 3-9 abizinesi kuti azitumiza wamba. Ku Alaska, Hawaii, US protectorate, PO Box, ndi maadiresi a APO/FPO amalola masiku 6-20 abizinesi kuti atumizidwe mokhazikika. Palibe kutumiza mwachangu. Makasitomala opitilira 3 osangalala. 000% Kukhutira kwamakasitomala kumatsimikizika! Chonde khalani omasuka kutifunsa mafunso aliwonse.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
2) Sula – 1973
Chidule cha Buku: Atsikana awiri omwe amakula kukhala akazi. Mabwenzi awiri omwe amakhala oipitsitsa kuposa adani. M'buku lowoneka bwino ili, Toni Morrison akufotokoza nkhani ya Nel Wright ndi Sula Peace, omwe amakumana ali ana m'tawuni yaying'ono ya Medallion, Ohio. Kudzipereka kwawo kuli koopsa kwambiri kuti athe kulimbana ndi ovutitsa ndi kulemedwa ndi chinsinsi chowopsya. Zimapirira ngakhale Nel atakula kukhala mzati wa anthu akuda ndipo Sula wakhala pariah. Koma ubwenzi wawo umathera m’chikhulupiriro chosakhululukidwa—kapena kodi udzatha? Zowopsa, zoseketsa, zopanda pake komanso zomvetsa chisoni, Sula ndi ntchito yodzaza ndi moyo."Simungalakwe powerenga kapena kuwerenganso zolemba za Toni Morrison. wokondedwa, Nyimbo ya Solomon, Diso Labwino Kwambiri, Sula, china chirichonse - iwo ndi opambana, onsewo. Mudzasangalala mutawawerenga.”—Barack Obama
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
3) Nyimbo ya Solomo - 1977
Chidule cha Buku: New York Times BestsellerMilkman Dead anabadwa patangopita nthawi pang'ono munthu wina wapafupi atadziponyera padenga la nyumba poyesa kuthawa. Kwa moyo wake wonse, nayenso, adzakhala akuyesera kuwuluka. Ndi buku lowoneka bwino ili, Toni Morrison amasintha nkhani yazaka zakubadwa molimba mtima ngati Saul Bellow kapena Gabriel García Márquez. Pamene akutsatira Milkman kuchokera ku mzinda wake wa rustbelt kupita komwe banja lake linachokera, Morrison akuyambitsa gulu lonse la omenyana ndi owona, abodza ndi opha anthu, okhala m'dziko lakuda lomwe limadziwika bwino."Simungalakwe powerenga kapena kuwerenganso zolemba za Toni Morrison. wokondedwa, Nyimbo ya Solomon, Diso Labwino Kwambiri, Sula, china chirichonse - iwo ndi opambana, onsewo. Mudzasangalala mutawawerenga.”—Barack Obama
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
4) Tar Baby - 1981
Chidule cha Buku: Wokongola modabwitsa komanso wodetsa nkhawa, Mwana wa Tar ndikukonzanso kwa Toni Morrison kwa nkhani yachikondi. Jadine Childs ndi mtundu wakuda wamafashoni wokhala ndi mthandizi woyera, chibwenzi choyera, ndi malaya opangidwa ndi zikopa makumi asanu ndi anayi zangwiro za akatumbu. Mwana ndi wothawathawa wakuda yemwe amakhala ndi chilichonse chomwe amanyansidwa ndi zomwe amafuna. Pamene Morrison akutsatira zochitika zawo, zomwe zimasewera kuchokera ku Caribbean kupita ku Manhattan ndi kumwera chakumwera, amalemba mikangano yonse yaudindo ndi kusakhulupirika pakati pa akuda ndi azungu, ambuye ndi antchito, ndi amuna ndi akazi.
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5) Wokondedwa - 1987
Chidule cha Buku: New York Times BestsellerPoyang'ana mosasunthika kuphompho laukapolo, buku la spellbindingli limasintha mbiri kukhala nkhani yamphamvu monga Eksodo komanso yapamtima ngati lullaby.Sethe, protagonist wake, anabadwa kapolo ndipo anathawira ku Ohio, koma zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake sali mfulu. . Amakumbukira zambiri za Sweet Home, famu yokongola yomwe inachitika zinthu zowopsa. Ndipo nyumba yatsopano ya Sethe imakhudzidwa ndi mzimu wa mwana wake, yemwe anamwalira wopanda dzina ndipo mwala wake wa pamanda unalembedwa ndi mawu amodzi: Wokondedwa. Wodzazidwa ndi ndakatulo zowawa komanso zokayikitsa ngati zingwe, wokondedwa ndi kupambana kwakukulu."Simungalakwe powerenga kapena kuwerenganso zolemba za Toni Morrison. wokondedwa, Nyimbo ya Solomon, Diso Labwino Kwambiri, Sula, china chirichonse - iwo ndi opambana, onsewo. Mudzasangalala mutawawerenga.”—Barack Obama
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
6) Jazi - 1992
Chidule cha Buku: M'nyengo yozizira ya 1926, pamene aliyense kulikonse samawona chilichonse koma zabwino zomwe zikubwera kutsogolo, Joe Trace, wogulitsa khomo ndi khomo wazaka zapakati pa Cleopatra, akuwombera wachinyamata wokondedwa wake mpaka kufa. Pamaliro, mkazi wa Joe, Violet, anaukira mtembo wa mtsikanayo. Nkhani yosangalatsayi, yozama ya chikondi ndi kutengeka mtima imatifikitsa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, pamene nkhani imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku malingaliro, ziyembekezo, mantha, ndi zenizeni zakuya za moyo wakuda wakuda.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
7) Chilungamo cha Race-ing, Mphamvu ya En-gendering: Zolemba pa Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, ndi Kumanga kwa Social Reality - 1992
Chidule cha Buku: Mwina unali mkangano womvetsa chisoni kwambiri wamtundu komanso jenda waposachedwa: umboni wochititsa chidwi wa Anita Hill pamilandu ya Senate pa kutsimikizira kwa Clarence Thomas kukhala Woweruza wa Khothi Lalikulu. Komabe ngakhale zomwe zidachitika pawailesi yakanema zidadabwitsa komanso kusangalatsa owonera osati mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi, zidapereka chithunzithunzi chambiri pazinthu zofunika zomwe zimatanthauzira America. Chilungamo cha mpikisano, Mphamvu zogonana, Toni Morrison amathandizira mawu oyambira ndikuphatikiza zolemba zokopa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, zonse kupatula imodzi yolembedwa makamaka m'bukuli, ndi akatswiri odziwika komanso odziwika - akuda ndi oyera, amuna ndi akazi. Zolemba izi sizimangofotokoza za ufuko ndi kugonana komanso mbiri yakale, ndale, chikhalidwe, malamulo, malingaliro, ndi zilankhulo za nthawi ya chizindikiro ndi vumbulutso mu mbiri ya America.
Homi K. Bhabha, Margaret A. Burnham, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Paula Giddings, A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Claudia Brodsky Lacour, Wahneema Lubiano, Manning Marable, Nellie Y. McKay, Toni Morrison, Nell Irvin Painter, Gayle Pemberton, Andrew Ross, Christine Stansell, Carol M. Swain, Michael Thelwell, Kendall Thomas, Cornel West, Patricia J. Williams
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8) Zokambirana ndi Toni Morrison - 1994
Chidule cha Buku: Awa ndi mndandanda wa zoyankhulana, kuyambira 1974, ndi Toni Morrison, wopambana wa Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison amadzifotokoza ngati wolemba waku Africa-America, ndipo zolemba izi zimamuwonetsa kuti ndi wojambula yemwe luso lake limagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe adakumana nazo ku Africa-America.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
9) Phunziro la Nobel mu Literature, 1993 - 1994
Chidule cha Buku: Amapereka mawu ovomerezeka a Toni Morrison, wopambana wa 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
10) Kukambitsirana Kusamuka: Kukangana ndi Mavuto Patsogolo la Anthu Osamukira ku America - 1994
Chidule cha Buku: Ma Essays amawunika ndondomeko za anthu osamukira ku United States ndikuwona momwe ndondomeko zololera zakhudzira dzikolo
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11) Maganizo Ovina - 1996
Chidule cha Buku: Pa nthawi yomwe adalandira mendulo ya National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters pa Novembara 1996, XNUMX, wopambana mphoto ya Nobel Toni Morrison amalankhula mwachidule komanso mwachidwi pazosangalatsa, zovuta, zofunikira, pakuwerenga / kulemba. moyo mu nthawi yathu.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
12) Kubadwa kwa Nation'hood: Gaze, Script, ndi Spectacle mu OJ Simpson Case - 1997
Chidule cha Buku: Adasinthidwa ndikuyambitsidwa ndi Toni Morrison, wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu Literature, Kubadwa kwa Nation'hood zikufotokozeranso kuposa kale lonse zamwayi woyipa wa mlandu wa OJ Simpson, womwe wachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Monga momwe zimakhudzira zamanyazi, nkhani zamtundu, kugonana, chiwawa, ndalama, ndi zoulutsira mawu zimatsutsidwa kudzera m'nkhani khumi ndi ziwiri zamphamvu zomwe zidalembedwa. makamaka kwa bukuli lolembedwa ndi aluntha odziwika–akuda ndi oyera, amuna ndi akazi. Pamodzi kuwunika kozama kumeneku kwanthawi yodziwika bwino yaku America kumayang'ana modabwitsika pamalemba komanso zowonera za mikangano yobisika yomwe imayambitsa anthu athu, ngakhale amaganizira za mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe, ndale, zamalamulo, zamaganizidwe, ndi zilankhulo za nkhaniyi. Ndi zopereka za:
Toni Morrison, George Lipsitz, A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., ndi Aderson Bellegarde Francois ndi Linda Y. Yueh, Nikol G. Alexander ndi Drucilla Cornell, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Ishmael Reed, Leola Johnson ndi David Roediger, Andrew Ross, Patricia J . Williams, Ann duCille, Armond White, Claudia Brodsky Lacour
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13) Paradaiso - 1997
Chidule cha Buku: "Anamuwombera kaye mtsikana wachizunguyo. Ndi ena onse akhoza kutenga nthawi yawo. " Adayambanso za Toni Morrison paradaiso, yomwe imayamba ndi zochitika zowopsya za ziwawa zazikulu ndi mbiri ya chiyambi chake mu tawuni yaying'ono yakuda kumidzi ya Oklahoma. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi mbadwa za akapolo omasulidwa ndi opulumuka kuchoka kudziko lachidani, gulu la makolo a Ruby limamangidwa pachilungamo, malamulo amakhalidwe abwino okhazikika, ndi mantha. Koma makilomita khumi ndi asanu ndi aŵiri kuchokera pamenepo, gulu lina la akapolo lasonkhana m’dziko lolonjezedwa lawolawo. Ndipo ndi pa akazi awa akuthawa imfa ndi kukhumudwa kuti nzika zisanu ndi zinayi za Ruby zidzaika ululu wawo, mantha awo, ndi ukali wawo wakupha.
M'mawu omwe amachulukirachulukira ndi kayimbidwe, kukongola, komanso nyimbo zomvetsa chisoni za ndakatulo yayikulu, Toni Morrison amatsutsa zikhulupiriro zomwe timakhala nazo kwambiri pomwe amalumikiza nthano ndi mbiri yakale, kukumbukira ndi nthano kuti tipeze kusinkhasinkha kosayiwalika pamtundu, chipembedzo, jenda, komanso zakutali. - zomwe zidakhalapo kale.
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14) Bokosi lalikulu - 1999
Chidule cha Buku: Kuti gulu ili la ana lizitsatira malamulo, akuluakulu amapanga dziko mkati mwa bokosi . . . ndi zoseweretsa, masewera, zisangalalo, ndi mphatso, koma ana ochenjera amenewa amatha kupeza njira yawo yotuluka mu bokosi ndi kubwerera ku zenizeni. 100,000 kusindikizidwa koyamba.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
15) The Bluest Eye Teacher Guide - 2001
Chidule cha Buku: Mapulani opulumutsa nthawi, olimbikitsa amatipatsa gawo lambiri-lopangidwa ndi aphunzitsi kwa aphunzitsi. Ntchitoyi yachitika kwa inu! Maupangiri amutu ndi mutu amaphatikiza zofufuza, zowerengera zapamwamba, zolembera komanso zoganiza. (Ili SI buku lachikale la pepala.)
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
16) The Book of Mean People - 2002
Chidule cha Buku: “Ili ndi buku lonena za anthu oipa. Anthu ena oipa ndi aakulu. Anthu ena aang’ono ndi oipa.” Mumgwirizano wachiwiri wazithunzi wa Toni Morrison ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, Slade, akuwonetsa moseketsa momwe ana amachitira nkhanza komanso mkwiyo m'dziko lathu lapansi. Dziko ndi chinenero chake zikhoza kusokoneza achinyamata. Kwa iwo, ukali ukhoza kukhala ndi maonekedwe, makulidwe, ndi mawu ambiri. ” Mayi anga amandikwiyitsa akamanena kuti sindikumvera. Iye anati, “Kodi mukundimva?” Sindimamumva akamakuwa. Mwana wanzeru ameneyu amadziŵa kuti kuipa kungakhale kunong’ona kapena kufuula, kumwetulira kapena kukwinya tsinya. Owerenga achichepere amadziwa za nkhanza, nawonso, ndipo adzakhutira pokhala ndi malingaliro awo mu The Book of Mean People..
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
17) Nyimbo ya Toni Morrison ya Solomoni: Buku Lamilandu - 2003
Chidule cha Buku: Zolemba zomwe zili m'bukuli zikuyimira mafunde akuluakulu pakuganiza mozama Nyimbo ya Solomo, Toni Morrison amaunika momveka bwino za kufunafuna munthu kudzidziwa yekha malinga ndi zochitika za ku Africa-America. Zosonkhanitsazi zimapereka chithunzithunzi chambiri chamaphunziro omwe atuluka m'zaka makumi angapo kuyambira pomwe 1977 idasindikizidwa buku lachitatu la Morrison. Zolemba izi zimapereka mapu amitu yoyambira ya Nyimbo ya Solomo, yofotokoza nkhani monga kudzizindikiritsa, miyambo yaumuna ndi kuwerenga, ndi kufunika kotchula mayina, komanso kufufuza kuphatikizidwa kwa bukuli la nthano za ku Africa ndi nthano za ku Africa-America. Bukuli limayamba ndi "The People Akhoza Kuuluka," nthano ya ku Africa komwe idachokera Nyimbo ya Solomo imajambula zofunikira zachiwembu chake komanso mutu wake waukulu, ndikutseka ndi kuyankhulana ndi Toni Morrison za moyo wake komanso ntchito yake ngati wolemba mabuku.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
18) Mkango kapena mbewa? - 2003
Chidule cha Buku: Pakutanthauziranso mochititsa chidwi kwa nthano yachikale, a Morrisons ndi a Pascal Lemaitre amayang'ana mwachipongwe.
Mkango wa tambala, wodzitcha “woipa kwambiri padziko lapansi,” umadziona ngati wosagonjetseka mpaka utagwidwa ndi munga m’kamwa mwake. Ndi mbewa yofooka yokha yomwe ingamuthandize, koma mkango uyenera kunyada ndi kunyada kwa mbewa ndi chilakolako champhamvu.
Ife, omwe adalenga Ndani Ali ndi Masewera?, adalimbikitsidwa ndi zodabwitsa za Nthano za Aesop - mphamvu zawo, kufunikira kwawo kosatha kwa kumasulira kwatsopano. M'matembenuzidwe athu nkhani zoyambirira zimatsegulidwa ndipo mathero awo amakhalidwe abwino amaganiziridwanso: wozunzidwayo sangataye; wamanyazi amapeza mwayi wokhala wamphamvu; chitsiru chikhoza kuzindikira; amphamvu akhoza kutaya mphamvu zawo. CHILICHONSE CHITHA KUCHITIKA. Kuposa kusewera nthano zokondedwa izi, Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? is AESOP MOYO!
ZAKA ZONSE
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
19) Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? Nyerere Kapena Chiwala? - 2003
Chidule cha Buku: “Munganene bwanji kuti sindinagwirepo ntchito tsiku limodzi? ART ndi NTCHITO. Zikungowoneka ngati kusewera”
Atero Foxy G kwa bwenzi lake Kid A, ku Toni ndi Slade Morrison's sassy, nkhani zabodza zaubwenzi, kuperekedwa, ndi kupulumuka - kapena ayi.
M'mibadwomibadwo, nthano zachikale, nthano, ndi nthano zimakhalabe zotchuka chifukwa zimafulumizitsa malingaliro a owerenga ndi omvetsera a mibadwo yonse.
Ife, omwe adalenga Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? adalimbikitsidwa ndi zodabwitsa za Nthano za Aesop - mphamvu zawo, kufuna kwawo kosatha kwa matanthauzidwe ambiri. M'matembenuzidwe athu nkhani zoyambirira zimatsegulidwa ndipo mathero awo amakhalidwe abwino amaganiziridwanso; wozunzidwayo sangataye; wamanyazi amapeza mwayi wokhala wamphamvu; chitsiru chikhoza kuzindikira; amphamvu akhoza kutaya mphamvu zawo. CHILICHONSE CHITHA. Kuposa kusewera nthano zokondedwa izi, Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? ndi AESOP LIVE!
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
20) Chikondi - 2003
Chidule cha Buku: Wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel Toni Morrison's Nobel's spellbinding buku latsopano ndi nyimbo ya Faulknerian ya kukhudzika ndi chidani, mphamvu ndi kupotoza, mtundu ndi kalasi zomwe zimatenga mibadwo itatu ya akazi akuda m'tawuni yomwe ikutha m'mphepete mwa nyanja. angachite chilichonse kuti amuyanja. Mu imfa adzawagwira mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mkazi, mwana wamkazi, mdzukulu wamkazi, wogwira ntchito, mbuye: Pamene otsutsa a Morrison amatsutsa zomwe a Cosey amakumbukira komanso malo ake, pogwiritsa ntchito chilichonse kuyambira pazachiwembu mpaka chiwawa chenicheni, amapanga ntchito yochenjera, yoseketsa, yonyansa komanso yokhumudwitsa.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
21) Kumbukirani: Ulendo Wophatikiza Sukulu - 2004
Chidule cha Buku: Toni Morrison watolera bokosi lamtengo wapatali la zithunzi zakale zomwe zikuwonetsa zochitika zakale zomwe zidachitika pasukulu. Zithunzi zosaiŵalika zimenezi ndi zimene zinalimbikitsa kwambiri zimene Mayi Morrison analemba, zomwe ndi nthano yongopeka yofotokoza mmene ana ankakhalira m'nthawi ya maphunziro “osiyana koma ofanana”. Kumbukirani ndi ulendo wapadera wazithunzi komanso wofotokozera womwe umatsogolera ana kunthawi yamadzi m'mbiri yaku America komanso kufunikira kwake kwa ife lero.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
22) Poppy kapena njoka? - 2004
Chidule cha Buku: Pankhani yanzeru iyi pa Aesop, Poppy amadzimva wolakwa akamayendetsa njoka mwangozi, ndipo adaganiza zokhala pachiwopsezo cholumidwa kuti amasule chokwawacho. Koma Smake akufuna zambiri. Iyi ndi nkhani yachinyengo yonena kuti ndani amaseka komaliza.Ife, omwe adalenga Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? adalimbikitsidwa ndi zodabwitsa za Nthano za Aesop - mphamvu zawo, kufuna kwawo kosatha kwa matanthauzidwe ambiri. M'matembenuzidwe athu nkhani zoyambirira zimatsegulidwa ndipo mathero awo amakhalidwe abwino amaganiziridwanso; wozunzidwayo sangataye; wamanyazi amapeza mwayi wokhala wamphamvu; chitsiru chikhoza kuzindikira; amphamvu akhoza kutaya mphamvu zawo. CHILICHONSE CHITHA. Kuposa kusewera nthano zokondedwa izi, Ndani Ali ndi Masewera? ndi AESOP LIVE!
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
23) Zomwe Zimayenda Pamphepete: Zosasintha Zosankhidwa - 2008
Chidule cha Buku: Zomwe Zimayenda Pamphepete amasonkhanitsa zaka makumi atatu za zolemba za Toni Morrison zokhudza ntchito yake, moyo wake, mabuku ake, ndi anthu aku America. Ntchito zomwe zinaphatikizidwa mu bukuli kuyambira 1971, pamene Morrison (b. 1931) anali mkonzi watsopano ku Random House ndi wolemba mabuku woyambirira, mpaka 2002 pamene anali pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Princeton ndi Nobel Laureate. Ngakhale m’masiku oyambirira a ntchito yake, pakati pa kuwongolera olemba ena, kulemba mabuku akeake, ndi kulera ana aŵiri, anali kupeza nthaŵi yolankhula pa nkhani zimene zinali zofunika kwa iye. Kuchokera pamawunidwe ndi zolemba zomwe zidalembedwa kuti zikhale zofalitsa zazikulu mpaka ulemu wake wolimbikitsa kwa olemba ena kupita ku malankhulidwe ovomerezeka olandila mphotho zazikulu zamalemba, Morrison wakhala akutenga nawo mbali ngati wolemba kunja kwa zopeka zake. Ntchitozi zimapereka chithunzithunzi chapadera cha maganizo a Morrison monga wowonera dziko, zaluso, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha America. Gawo loyamba la bukhuli, "Banja ndi Mbiri Yakale," likuphatikizapo zomwe Morrison analemba zokhudza banja lake, akazi akuda, Mbiri yakuda, ndi ntchito zake zomwe. Gawo lachiwiri, "Olemba ndi Olemba," limamupatsa kuwunika kwa olemba omwe amawasilira ndi mabuku omwe adawapenda, kuwakonza ku Random House, kapena kupereka chitsimikizo chapadera ndi mawu oyamba kapena mawu oyamba. Gawo lomaliza, "Ndale ndi Sosaite," limaphatikizapo zolemba ndi zokamba zomwe Morrison akukamba za nkhani za anthu a ku America komanso udindo wa zilankhulo ndi zolemba mu chikhalidwe cha dziko. Pakati pa zidutswa zina, mndandanda uwu umaphatikizapo kusinkhasinkha pa 9 / 11, ndemanga za izi. mabuku apamwamba a olemba Black monga Albert Murray's Kumwera kwa Malo Akale Kwambiri ndi Gayl Jones Corregidora, nkhani yonena za kuphunzitsa makhalidwe abwino ku yunivesite, mawu oyamikira a James Baldwin, ndi nkhani ya Nobel ya Morrison. Kutengedwa pamodzi, Zomwe Zimayenda Pamphepete amalemba yankho ku nthawi yathu ndi mmodzi wa American literature olemba oganiza bwino komanso aluso kwambiri.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
24) A Chifundo - 2008
Chidule cha Buku: National BestsellerChimodzi mwa The New York Times Mabuku 10 Abwino Kwambiri PachakaM’zaka za m’ma 1680 malonda a akapolo ku Amereka akali atangoyamba kumene. Jacob Vaark ndi wochita malonda wa Anglo-Dutch komanso woyendayenda, wokhala ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kumpoto kwaukali. Ngakhale sadasangalale ndi "thupi," amatenga kapolo wamkazi pang'ono kuti alipire ngongole yoyipa kuchokera kwa mwini munda ku Catholic Maryland. Uyu ndi Florens, amene amatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndipo angakhale wothandiza pafamu yake. Atakanidwa ndi amayi ake, Florens amayang’ana chikondi, choyamba kwa Lina, mkazi wantchito wachikulire pa nyumba ya mbuye wake watsopano, ndipo pambuyo pake kuchokera kwa wosula zitsulo wokongola, wa ku Africa, wosakhala kapolo, amene amabwera atakwera m’miyoyo yawo.
A Chifundo amavumbula zomwe zili pansi pa ukapolo. Koma m'moyo wake, monga wokondedwa, ndi nkhani yosamveka bwino, yodetsa nkhawa ya mayi ndi mwana wamkazi—mayi amene anataya mwana wake wamkazi kuti amupulumutse, ndi mwana wamkazi amene sangawononge konse kusiyidwa kwake.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
25) Otcha Bukuli - 2009
Chidule cha Buku: Lofalitsidwa molumikizana ndi PEN American Center, Liwotchani Bukhu ili ndi gulu lamphamvu la zolemba zomwe zimafufuza tanthauzo la kuwunika komanso mphamvu ya zolemba kuti zidziwitse momwe timawonera dziko lapansi, komanso ife eni.Monga Achimereka nthawi zambiri timatenga ufulu wathu wolankhula mopepuka. Tikamakamba za censorship timakamba za China, dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, kapena Middle East. Koma zomwe zachitika posachedwa pandale - kuphatikiza ndime ya Patriot Act - zawunikira kwambiri machitidwe akuwunikira kumbuyo kwathu. Liwotchani Bukhu ili Ili ndi mndandanda wa olemba omwe adapambana mphoto omwe amapereka malingaliro awo osavuta, osatsimikizika pamutu wofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikiza anthu otchuka monga Toni Morrison, Salman Rushdie, Orhan Pamuk, David Grossman, ndi Nadine Gordimer, pakati pa ena. , Liwotchani Bukhu ili ikuyenera kulimbikitsa malingaliro amphamvu ndikuyatsa makambirano auzimu.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
26) Otchani Bukhuli: Olemba PEN Amalankhula Pamphamvu ya Mawu - 2009
Chidule cha Buku: “Moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba si mphatso kwa anthu; ndizofunika zake”- Toni Morrison, Burn Bukhu ili Lofalitsidwa molumikizana ndi PEN American center, Burn this Book ndi gulu lamphamvu lazolemba zomwe zimasanthula tanthauzo la censorship, komanso mphamvu ya zolemba zodziwitsa momwe timawonera dziko lapansi, ndi ife eni. Othandizira akuphatikizapo olemetsa olemba mabuku monga Toni Morrison, Salman Rushdie, Orhan Pamuk, David Grossman ndi Nadine Gordimer, ndi ena. zikuchitikadi.” Amayang'ana kwa Proust, Oe, Flaubert, Graham Green kuti awone momwe nzeru zawo zimayenderana ndi zake, pamapeto pake amamaliza "Mabuku akhala ndipo akadali njira yoti anthu adziwululenso." "Mu Ufulu Wolemba" Orham Pamuk akufotokoza momveka bwino za kuperekeza Arthur Miller ndi Harold Pinter kuzungulira Turkey ndi momwe chochitikacho chinasinthira moyo wake. zomwe Mdyerekezi amalankhula ndi wolemba wokhumudwa wotchedwa "Mbuye" Wolembayo wakhumudwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yake ndipo akuganiza kuti awotcha: "Mungachite bwanji zimenezo?" mdierekezi akufunsa… “Mipukutu kuti isawotchedwe.” Zowonadi, zolembedwa pamanja siziwotcha, Rushdie akutsutsa, koma olemba amatero.Monga Achimereka nthawi zambiri timatenga ufulu wathu wolankhula mopepuka. Tikamakamba za censorship timakamba za China, yomwe kale inali Soviet Union. Koma chisankho cha pulezidenti chaposachedwa chaunikira kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika mnyumba mwathu. Zonse zokopa komanso zapanthawi yake, Kuwotcha Bukhuli kumaphatikizapo mndandanda wopambana wa olemba omwe apambana mphoto; izo zedi kuyatsa kukambirana mzimu.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
27) Peeny Butter Fudge - 2009
Chidule cha Buku: Snuggle, snuggle.
Nthawi yopuma.
Nana akubwera nafe mu chisa chake.Palibe wina ngati Nana padziko lonse lapansi. Iye ndi zabwino. Nana amadziwa kutenga masana wamba ndikuwapanga kukhala apadera kwambiri! Nthawi yopumula, nthawi yankhani, ndi nthawi yosewera imasinthidwa ndi ziwonetsero, zinjoka, kuvina, ndi kunamizira - kenako kusakaniza ndi kukonza fudge yokoma, monga momwe Nana ndi Amayi sanachitire zaka zambiri zapitazo….Pulitzer wolemba wopambana Mphoto Toni Morrison ndi mwana wake Slade akufotokoza zomwe zimachitikadi Nana atasiyidwa kuyang'anira!
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
28) Library ya Everyman - 2010
Chidule cha Buku: Wopambana wa Mphotho ya Pulitzer, Toni Morrison's wokondedwa ndi chithunzi chochititsa chidwi komanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha mayi yemwe ankazunzidwa ndi zakale. Ali ndi zinthu zosayerekezeka ndipo sanachite misala, komabe akadamangidwabe pokumbukira za Sweet Home, famu yokongola yomwe kunachitika zinthu zambiri zoopsa. Panthawiyi nyumba ya Sethe yakhala ikuvuta kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mkwiyo, mzimu wowononga za mwana wake, yemwe anamwalira wopanda dzina ndipo mwala wake wa pamanda unalembedwa mawu amodzi: Okondedwa.Sethe amagwira ntchito pobwezera zakale, koma zimamveka komanso kumva mosalekeza m'makumbukiro ake komanso m'miyoyo ya omwe amamuzungulira. Mtsikana wachinyamata wodabwitsa akafika, akudzitcha Wokondedwa, chinsinsi chowopsya cha Sethe chikuphulika mpaka pano.Kuphatikiza mphamvu yamasomphenya ya nthano ndi choonadi chosatsutsika cha mbiri yakale, buku losaiwalika la Morrison ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu komanso zosatha za mabuku a ku America.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
29) Kunyumba - 2012
Chidule cha Buku: A New York Times Buku Lodziwika
A Washington Post Ntchito Yodziwika ya Fiction
Buku Labwino Kwambiri Pachaka: NPR, AV Club, St. Louis Dispatch
Pamene Frank Money adalowa usilikali kuti athawe dziko lake laling'ono, adasiya mlongo wake wokondeka komanso wosalimba, Cee. Pambuyo pa nkhondo, moyo wake wosweka ulibe cholinga mpaka atamva kuti Cee ali pangozi.Frank ndi Odysseus wamakono akubwerera ku 1950s America akukumbidwa ndi misampha yakupha kwa munthu wakuda wosazindikira. Pamene akupita kudziko lakwawo ku Georgia kukafunafuna Cee, zikuwonekeratu kuti mavuto awo adayamba kale asanapatuke pankhondo. Onse pamodzi, amabwerera kumudzi kwawo waku Lotus, komwe zinsinsi zobisika zimavumbulutsidwa ndipo pomwe Frank amaphunzira kuti kumatanthauza chiyani kukhala mwamuna, zomwe zimafunika kuchiritsa, ndipo - koposa zonse - zomwe zikutanthauza kubwera kunyumba.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
30) Chonde, Louise - 2014
Chidule cha Buku: Khadi la laibulale likutsegula moyo watsopano kwa mtsikana wamng'ono m'buku la zithunzi za mphamvu ya kulingalira, kuchokera kwa wolemba mphoto ya Nobel Toni Morrison. Masana ena imvi, Louise anapita ku laibulale. Mothandizidwa ndi khadi la laibulale yatsopano komanso mphamvu yosinthira ya mabuku, zomwe zidayamba ngati tsiku losasangalatsa zimasintha kukhala zodabwitsa, malingaliro, ndi malingaliro! Msungwana wamng'ono, bukhu la zithunzi lochititsa chidwili limakondwerera zodabwitsa za kuwerenga, luso lodabwitsa la kulingalira, ndipo, ndithudi, kukongola kwa malaibulale.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
31) Mulungu Athandize Mwana - 2015
Chidule cha Buku: A New York Times Buku LodziwikaLimodzi mwa Mabuku Abwino Kwambiri Pachaka: San Francisco Chronicle, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Kansas City StarPakatikati: Msungwana yemwe amadzitcha Mkwatibwi, yemwe khungu lake lodabwitsa la buluu-lakuda ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha cha kukongola kwake, kulimba mtima kwake ndi chidaliro, kupambana kwake m'moyo, koma zomwe zinachititsa kuti amayi ake akhungu amukane ngakhale zosavuta. mitundu ya chikondi. Pali Booker, mwamuna Mkwatibwi amamukonda, ndipo amalephera chifukwa cha mkwiyo. Mvula, mwana woyera wodabwitsa yemwe amadutsana naye. Ndipo potsiriza, amayi a Mkwatibwi mwiniwake, Sweetness, amene amatenga moyo wonse kuti amvetse kuti "zomwe mumachita kwa ana ndizofunikira. Ndipo mwina sangaiwale.”
Buku lamoto komanso lokopa, Mulungu Athandize Mwanayo—buku loyamba lolembedwa ndi Toni Morrison kukhazikitsidwa munthawi yathu ino—likulemba nkhani yokhudza momwe masautso aubwana angapangire, ndi kusokoneza, moyo wa munthu wamkulu.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
32) Mpikisano: Vintage Minis - 2017
Chidule cha Buku: CHATSOPANO, ISBN yofanana ndendende ndi momwe yalembedwera, Chonde onani kawiri ISBN mosamala musanayitanitsa.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
33) Chiyambi cha Ena - 2017
Chidule cha Buku: Wolemba mabuku wotsogola ku America akuwonetsa mitu yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yake ndikulamulira kwambiri ndale zadziko ndi zapadziko lonse: mtundu, mantha, malire, kusuntha kwa anthu, chikhumbo chofuna kukhala nawo. Kodi mtundu ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani uli wofunikira? Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa anthu kuti azikonda kumanga Ena? Chifukwa chiyani kupezeka kwa Ena kumatipangitsa kukhala ndi mantha chotere? Potengera maphunziro ake a Norton, Toni Morrison akuyankha mafunso awa ndi ena ofunikira okhudzana ndi kudziwika kwawo. Chiyambi cha Ena. Pofufuza mayankho, wolemba mabukuyo amaganizira zomwe amakumbukira komanso mbiri yakale, ndale, makamaka mabuku. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, ndi Camara Laye ndi ena mwa olemba omwe amawafufuza. Owerenga zopeka za Morrison alandila zokambirana zake za ena mwa mabuku ake odziwika bwino -wokondedwa, paradaisondipo A Chifundo.Ngati tiphunzira kusankhana mitundu mwa chitsanzo, ndiye kuti zolemba zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya mtundu ku America, zonse zoipa ndi zabwino. Morrison akulemba za zolemba zazaka za m'ma 1900 zaukapolo wachikondi, kuwasiyanitsa ndi tsankho lasayansi la Samuel Cartwright ndi zolemba zoletsa za woyang'anira minda komanso wosunga akapolo a Thomas Thistlewood. Amayang'ana masinthidwe akuda, malingaliro a chiyero cha mafuko, ndi momwe mabuku amagwiritsira ntchito mtundu wa khungu kuti awulule khalidwe kapena kuyendetsa nkhani. Kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa nkhawa zake, akulankhulanso za kudalirana kwa mayiko komanso kusamuka kwa anthu m'zaka za zana lino. Wopambana Mphotho Yamabuku a National Book Ta-Nehisi Coates amapereka mawu oyamba pantchito zabodza za Morrison mpaka pano.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
34) Muyeso wa Miyoyo Yathu: Kusonkhanitsa Nzeru - 2019
Chidule cha Buku: Nthawi yomweyo mawu oyambira abwino a Toni Morrison komanso chosungira chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa kwa owerenga ake odzipereka: nkhokwe ya mawu ochokera ku ntchito yake. Ndi mawu oyamba a Zadie Smith.“Iye anali chikumbumtima chathu. Wopenya wathu. Wonena zoona.” -Oprah WinfreyBuku lolimbikitsali lili ndi mawu ogwidwa, amodzi mpaka tsamba, otengedwa kuchokera ku ntchito yonse ya Toni Morrison, yopeka komanso yopeka-kuchokera. Diso Labwino Kwambiri ku Mulungu Thandizani Mwana, kuchokera Kusewera mumdima ku Gwero la Kudzilemekeza-kunena nkhani yodziwonetsera nokha. Cholinga chake ndi kudzutsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa masomphenya a Toni Morrison. Kutsatizana kwake kowoneka bwino kwa mavumbulutso - kudabwitsa kwa chilankhulo chawo, chidwi chamalingaliro amaganizidwe, komanso kuzama kwa filosofi - kumayankhulirana ndi chidwi chokhazikika mu ntchito ya Morrison: kufikira kwa chilankhulo kwa owerenga. zosaneneka; kudutsa kupyolera mu kulingalira; kudzikonda ndi kusakhutira kwake; kusinthasintha kwa chikondi; kuchepa kwa kukumbukira; mphamvu imodzi ya akazi; tchimo loyambirira laukapolo la Amereka; kutha kwa kupsinjika kwamtundu; umunthu wovuta ndi luso la anthu akuda. Muyeso wa Moyo Wathu zodzaza ndi kukongola kwa kalembedwe ndi malingaliro ndi ulamuliro wamakhalidwe.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
35) Gwero la Kudzilemekeza: Zolemba Zosankhidwa, Zolankhula, ndi Kusinkhasinkha - 2019
Chidule cha Buku: Nayi Toni Morrison m'mawu ake omwe: msonkhano wolemera wa zolemba zake zofunika kwambiri ndi zolankhula zake, zomwe zatenga zaka makumi anayi. Masamba awa amatipatsa pemphero lake lakuya kwa akufa pa 9/11, nkhani yake ya Nobel yokhudza mphamvu ya chilankhulo, kusinkhasinkha kwake mozama pa Martin Luther King Jr., mawu ake okhumudwitsa a James Baldwin. Amayang'ana mozama pazolakwika za chikhalidwe ndi ufulu: mlendo, kupatsa mphamvu kwa akazi, atolankhani, ndalama, "nkhani zakuda," ufulu wa anthu, wojambula pagulu, kupezeka kwa Afro-America m'mabuku aku America. Ndipo amatembenuza diso lake lovuta ku ntchito yake (The Bluest Eye, Sula, Tar Baby, Jazz, Wokondedwa, Paradiso) ndi ena. Zosonkhanitsa zofunika kuchokera kwa wolemba wofunikira, Gwero la Kudzilemekeza imawala ndi kukongola kwa zolemba, luntha, kuzama kwauzimu, ndi kampasi yamakhalidwe abwino zomwe zapangitsa Toni Morrison kukhala mawu athu okondedwa komanso okhalitsa.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
36) Pakamwa Modzaza Magazi: Zolemba, Zolankhula, Zosinkhasinkha - 2019
Chidule cha Buku: Zolemba zatsopano zosapeka zochokera kwa m'modzi mwa olemba otchuka komanso olemekezeka anthawi yathu ino
'Kugwira ntchito kwamawu ndikwabwino, akuganiza, chifukwa ndikopanga; zimapanga tanthauzo lomwe limateteza kusiyana kwathu, kusiyana kwathu kwaumunthu-momwe tiliri monga moyo wopanda moyo.
Timafa. Chimenecho chingakhale tanthauzo la moyo. Koma timachita chinenero. Umenewo ungakhale muyeso wa moyo wathu.'
Phunziro la Nobel mu Literature, 1993
Kuyambira zaka makumi anayi, zolemba izi, zolankhula ndi kusinkhasinkha zimafunsa dziko lotizungulira. Iwo amakhudzidwa ndi mtundu, jenda komanso kudalirana kwa mayiko. Kusesa kwa mbiri yakale yaku America komanso momwe ndale zilili. Ntchito ya atolankhani ndi udindo wa wojambula. Ponseponse Pakamwa Pakamwa Mwazi Kufufuza kwathu kwa chowonadi, kukhulupirika kwamakhalidwe ndi ukadaulo kumakumana ndi Toni Morrison wokhala ndi mkwiyo wowongolera, kukongola komanso kulemba bwino. pa Martin Luther King ndi mawu a James Baldwin. Nkhani ya Morrison ya Nobel, pa mphamvu ya chinenero, ikutsatiridwa ndi nkhani za Amnesty International ndi Newspaper Association of America. Amalankhula ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi alendo ku Louvre ndi America's Black Holocaust Museum. Amayenderanso Diso Labwino Kwambiri, Sula ndi wokondedwa; kuwunikanso mabuku omwe asintha kwa mibadwomibadwo ya owerenga.Pakamwa Pakamwa Mwazi ndi gulu lamphamvu, lachifundo komanso lofunikira la malingaliro omwe amalankhula kwa ife tonse.'Kodi timapereka kukhulupirika kwakukulu ku chiyani? Banja, chinenero, chikhalidwe, dziko, jenda? Chipembedzo, mtundu? Ndipo, ngati palibe chilichonse mwazinthu izi, kodi ndife anthu akumidzi, amitundu yonse kapena osungulumwa? M’mawu ena, timasankha bwanji malo amene tili? Kodi n'chiyani chimatitsimikizira kuti timatero?'
Nkhani za Alexander Lecture, 2002
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
37) Ubwino ndi Zolemba Zolemba: Nkhani ya 95 ya Ingersoll ya Harvard yokhala ndi Essays pa Masomphenya a Morrison's Moral and Religious Vision Toni Morrison - 2019
Chidule cha Buku: Kodi ubwino ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi chimapezeka kuti m'malingaliro olembedwa? Toni Morrison, m'modzi mwa mawu akulu kwambiri a zilembo zaku America, adasinkhasinkha mafunso ovuta awa mu Phunziro lake lodziwika bwino la Ingersoll, loperekedwa ku yunivesite ya Harvard mu 2012 ndipo lofalitsidwa tsopano kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mabuku. kaŵirikaŵiri ubwino sitiudziŵa. Kukumbukira zambiri zitsanzo zolembalemba, kuchokera kwa Ahabu kupita kwa Michael K wa Coetzee, Morrison amafufuza tanthauzo la ubwino ndipo amalingalira malo ake ofunikira m'malemba ake. Amaganizira mfundoyi poyerekezera ndi anthu osaiŵalika kuchokera m’zopeka zake ndipo amafika pa mfundo zomveka bwino komanso zolimbikitsa. M'mafunso osangalatsa omwe adachitika m'bukuli, Morrison akufotokozeranso malingaliro a ulaliki wake, akukambirana za zabwino osati m'mabuku okha komanso m'mbiri ya anthu - makamaka mbiri ya anthu akuda, yomwe yakhala ikuchita nkhanza zaka mazana ambiri ndi luso lazambiri. mayankho ochokera kwa akatswiri achipembedzo, zamakhalidwe, mbiri, ndi zolemba ku malingaliro ake pa zabwino ndi zoyipa, chifundo ndi chikondi, kusankhana mitundu ndi kudziwononga, chinenero ndi kumasulidwa, pamodzi ndi kufufuza mwatcheru zolembalemba ndi zongopeka mawu kuchokera mu ntchito zake. Iliyonse ya zopereka izi, yolembedwa ndi katswiri wachipembedzo, imayang'ana cholowa chaukapolo ndi momwe chikupitirizira kuumba kukumbukira kwathu, zovuta zathu, kulira kwathu, miyoyo yathu, madera athu, mabuku athu, ndi chikhulupiriro chathu. Kuphatikiza apo, operekawo amatenga nawo gawo pazachipembedzo m'mabuku a Morrison kuti owerenga omwe amakumana ndi anthu osaiwalika monga Sula, Okondedwa, kapena Frank Money aphunzire ndikuzindikira momwe malingaliro a Morrison okhudza ubwino ndi chifundo amasonyezeranso kumvetsetsa kwake za zopatulika ndi zopatulika. mzimu wa munthu.
- Ndemanga zamabuku:
Kutsiliza
Ngati mukuyang'ana wolemba wina, mndandanda wamabuku kapena mtundu kuti muwerenge kenako onani mndandanda wathu wa must read Pano.
Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga:
Zolipidwa
