Anachronism ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza chinthu chomwe chimayikidwa mu nthawi yomwe sichiyenera kukhala. Izi zitha kuchitika m'mabuku, m'mafilimu, kapenanso kukambirana kwatsiku ndi tsiku. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti ma anachronism amatha kusokoneza omvera, kusokoneza ntchito, kapena kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwake. Nkhani yabwino? Kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kumakuthandizani kuzindikira ma anachronism ndikuwasintha kukhala ochenjerar ubwino.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Kodi Anachronism Ndi Chiyani?
Anachronism imachitika pamene chinthu, lingaliro, kapena chochitika chasiyana ndi nthawi yake yolondola. Sikuti kungozembera; ikhoza kukhala chida chadala chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olemba ndi opanga kuti apange mfundo kapena kudzutsa nthabwala. Mawu akuti anachronism angakhale zinthu zakale, chinenero, kapena miyambo ina imene imaoneka ngati yachilendo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wina m'mbiri yakale yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 akunena za foni yam'manja, ndiye kuti ndizovuta. Zida zanzeru sizinalipo panthawiyo, ndipo kutchulidwa kwawo kumawononga kutsimikizika kwazomwe zikuchitika. Komabe, ma anachronism amathanso kukhala ndi cholinga. Masewera a Shakespeare ali ndi mbiri yakale yomwe imawonjezera tanthauzo kapena nthabwala ndikulumikizana ndi omvera.
Mitundu ya Anachronism
Anachronisms angasonyeze m'njira zingapo. Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino:
1. Ma Anachronism Osakhalitsa
Izi zimaphatikizapo chochitika kapena chinthu chomwe chikuchokera nthawi yosiyana ndi nthawi yake. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi kanema wowonetsa Roma wakale wokhala ndi otchulidwa makono slang. Apa, chinenerocho chikutsutsana ndi mbiri yakale.
Mwachitsanzo, mu filimuyo "The Time Machine" (2002), munthu amagwiritsa ntchito wotchi ya digito pazochitika zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'tsogolomu. Izi zimayang'ana pakanthawi kochepa komwe sikumagwirizana ndi ukadaulo woyembekezeredwa wanthawi yowonetsedwa.
2. Social Anachronisms
Izi zimatanthawuza machitidwe kapena zikhulupiriro zomwe sizigwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu cha nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa. Tangoganizirani buku la nthawi ya Victorian pomwe akazi amakambirana momasuka ndikudzudzula kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mwamakono. Ngakhale iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yofotokozera ndemanga, ikhoza kufuna kuyimitsidwa kwa kusakhulupirira kwa omvera.
Chitsanzo chabwino ndi khalidwe la Elizabeth Bennet mu "Kunyada ndi Tsankho" lolemba Jane Austen. Ngakhale kuti Elizabeti akutsutsa miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu pa nthawi yake, kupeza ufulu wodziimira wosadziwika kwa amayi a nthawi yake, amasungabe mawu omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri yake.
3. Tekinoloje Anachronisms
Gululi likunena za kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono m'malo am'mbuyomu. Taganizirani za msilikali wina wa m’zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 1500 ali ndi lupanga la laser—kusakaniza komwe kumatsutsana ndi kulondola kwa mbiri yakale.
Pagulu lodziwika bwino la "Netflix Witcher," Geralt waku Rivia amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yopeka yanthawi yakale, koma zida zamakono kapena maumboni sangagwirizane. Kujambula, pamodzi ndi nthano, kumafuna kusamalidwa bwino kuti asunge chinyengo cha dziko.
Zitsanzo Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse za Anachronism
Makanema ndi Televizioni
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za anachronism chili mufilimu "Back to the Future". Marty McFly amabwerera kuzaka za m'ma 1950, komwe amaimba nyimbo za rock pa gitala zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi nthawiyo, zomwe zimamveka zomveka bwino zam'tsogolo ndi zakale. Ngakhale izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zovuta, ndi nkhani yanzeru yomwe imathandizira kuwonetsa kusiyana kwa nthawi ndi kakulidwe ka nyimbo.
Chitsanzo china chili m'gulu la "Game of Thrones," lomwe lili m'dziko labwino kwambiri lojambula kwambiri kuchokera kumitu yakale. Komabe, otchulidwa ena amawonetsa malingaliro amakono okhudza ulamuliro ndi maubale omwe angakhale osagwirizana ndi zochitika zomwe zimakumbutsa mbiri yakale ya feudalism.
Mabuku
M'mabuku, olemba nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza dala ma anachronisms kutsutsa zomwe owerenga amayembekezera. "Slaughterhouse-Five" ya Kurt Vonnegut ili ndi anthu omwe amakumana ndi nthawi mosatsata mzere. Izi kalembedwe kankhani kosagwirizana Zingayambitse ma anachronisms, koma zimasonyeza kupwetekedwa mtima kwa protagonist ndi zochitika zosagwirizana pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Chitsanzo china chili m’buku la “Alonda” lolembedwa ndi Alan Moore, pomwe anthu otchulidwa amakambirana malingaliro ndi nzeru zomwe zimasonyeza nkhani zamakono, ngakhale kuti zinakhazikitsidwa m’ma 1980. Kuphatikizika mwanzeru kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa owerenga kuganizira za kupitiriza ndi kusintha.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Anachronism Mogwira mtima
Kupanga Humor
Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito anachronism ndi nthabwala. Oseketsa ndi olemba amatha kuyika maumboni amakono m'machitidwe a mbiri yakale kuti apange zoseketsa. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za chizolowezi choyimilira pomwe msilikali wachiroma amayang'ana mbiri yake ya chikhalidwe cha anthu asanalowe m'bwalo. Sizoseketsa chabe; ikuwonetsanso kupusa kwa kuphatikiza nthawi zosiyana kwambiri.
Kulimbana ndi Mitu
Ma Anachronism atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchita nawo mitu yomwe imamveka nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina wa m’buku lopeka la mbiri yakale akafotokoza maganizo amakono pankhani ya makhalidwe kapena luso lazopangapanga, zimathandiza owerenga kusinkhasinkha mmene zasinthiradi. Kuvuta kwakusanjika kumeneku kungapangitse kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yozama kwambiri.
Ganizirani za buku la "Samurai Womaliza" lolembedwa ndi Helen DeWitt, pomwe otchulidwa amakambirana zanzeru zamakono akukhala ku Japan panthawi ya Kubwezeretsa kwa Meiji. Zinthu za anachronistic zimapereka chidziwitso chochuluka cha zovuta za otchulidwa komanso zokhumba zawo.
Kupititsa patsogolo Makhalidwe
Makhalidwe amatha kufotokozedwa kapena kusiyanitsa kudzera mu ubale wawo ndi nthawi. Khalidwe likakhala ndi mikhalidwe yofananira, imatha kuwulula umunthu wake, zokonda zake, komanso malingaliro ake. Mwachitsanzo, wachinyamata wa m’mbiri yakale amene amalankhula miyambi yamasiku ano angapereke chitsanzo cha mmene akuvutikira kuti agwirizane ndi nthaŵi yake.
Chitsanzo chabwino chili m’sewero lakuti “Romeo ndi Juliet.” Kukana kwaunyamata kwa Juliet komanso kulengeza mwachidwi kumatha kuonedwa ngati kosasinthika, monga momwe amawonera zovuta zomwe achinyamata amakumana nazo nthawi iliyonse. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumalola omvera kuti agwirizane ndi khalidwe lake pamlingo waumwini.
Mavuto Odziwika a Anachronism
Kutaya Kukhulupilika
Choopsa chimodzi chachikulu cha anachronism ndikuti chikhoza kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa ntchitoyo. Ngati buku la mbiri yakale limakhala ndi anthu omwe amangokambirana momasuka mitu yakusintha kwanyengo kapena zenizeni zenizeni, zitha kupangitsa owerenga kukayikira kafukufuku wa wolemba komanso kumvetsetsa kwake.
Chisokonezo pakati pa Omvera
Pamene anachronisms sali mwadala mwadala, amatha kusokoneza omvera, kusokoneza nkhani yaikulu. Owerenga kapena owonera angavutike kutsatira nthawi ndi mauthenga omwe akufuna, kufooketsa chidziwitso chawo chonse.
Zovuta pa Kumanga Padziko Lonse
M'mitundu ngati zongopeka ndi zopeka za sayansi, ma anachronism osagwirizana amatha kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa zomanga zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngati malo ongopeka ali ndi zida zankhondo zakale komanso zaukadaulo wamakono popanda kufotokoza komveka, omvera angavutike kusiya kusakhulupirira.
Maganizo Final
Anachronism ndi chida champhamvu kwa olemba ndi opanga akagwiritsidwa ntchito moganizira. Kuchokera pakupanga nthabwala mpaka kufufuza mitu yozama ndi kakulidwe ka anthu, ma anachronism amatha kukulitsa nkhani. Komabe, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi ndikumvetsetsa bwino za zovuta zomwe zingatheke kuti mukhalebe wokhulupirika komanso wogwira ntchitoyo. Kaya m'mabuku kapena filimu, ma anachronisms amapereka mwayi wapadera wofotokozera mwaluso, kubweretsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana zankhani zatsopano.
Zina Zowonjezera
Anachronism imawonjezera kupotoza kochititsa chidwi kwa nthano, nthawi zambiri kumawulula kulumikizana kosayembekezereka pakati pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
- "Kupanda dala" Anachronism: Anthu ambiri olemba zopeka akale angaphatikizepo zinthu zakale kapena matekinoloje omwe panalibe panthawi yomwe akulemba, koma nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi cholinga. Mwachitsanzo, munthu atha kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja kuti apange zopusa zamakono, zopatsa chidwi kapena ndemanga zanzeru za anthu amasiku ano.
- Olemba Masewera ndi Kupindika Nthawi: Shakespeare ankadziwika kuti anachronisms. Mu "Julius Caesar," kukhalapo kwa mawotchi ndi zinthu zina za Renaissance mu chikhalidwe cha Aroma kumasonyeza nthawi ya wolemba masewero, zomwe zimalola omvera kuti agwirizane kwambiri ndi otchulidwawo.
- Zithunzi Zakale mu Modern Media: Makanema ndi ziwonetsero ngati Ulendo Wabwino Kwambiri wa Bill ndi Ted or Mkazi Wosaka Nthawi ali ndi anthu otchuka ochokera m'mbiri yolumikizana ndi anthu amakono, omwe amatha kupereka nthabwala komanso kuzindikira zakale komanso zamakono.
- Nthawi Zosamvetsetseka: Owerenga ena amakhulupirira molakwika kuti nkhani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'mbiri yakale iyenera kutsata ndondomeko yanthawi yake. M'malo mwake, olemba nthawi zambiri amapotoza mbiri yakale kuti atsindike kakulidwe ka umunthu kapena kuzama kwa nkhani, nthawi zina kukulitsa kulumikizana.
- Chilankhulo Chisinthiko: Chilankhulo cha anachronistic kaŵirikaŵiri amaloŵa m’nkhani za m’mbiri monga mmene mawu amakono kapena masilangi amagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malo akale. Chisankho ichi ndi cholinga chofuna kukopa anthu amasiku ano, kupangitsa kuti zokambirana za mbiriyakale zikhale zosavuta.
- Njira Zogulitsa: Anachronism itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakutsatsa mabuku. Maina ngati Kunyada ndi Tsankho ndi Zombies gwiritsani ntchito anachronism kuti mukope chidwi cha owerenga ndikupanga niche yapadera mkati mwamitundu.
- Ndemanga Zachikhalidwe: Poyika malingaliro amakono muzochitika zakale, olemba amatha kupanga zotsutsa zakuthwa zakale ndi zamakono. Kuphatikizika uku kumapangitsa kukambirana mozama za miyambo ndi machitidwe a anthu.
- Kuopsa Kwa Chisokonezo: Ngakhale olemba angaphatikizepo mwadala ma anachronism kuti agwire ntchito, kusintha kwanthawi kosokoneza kumatha kusokoneza owerenga. Kusamalitsa kukhazikika komanso kumveka bwino kumapangitsa kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yosavuta komanso yachilengedwe.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ) Okhudzana ndi Chitsanzo cha Anachronism
Q. Kodi anachronism ndi chiyani?
A. Anachronism ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala chakunja kwa nthawi yake, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatsogolera ku chisokonezo kapena nthabwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu m'mbiri yakale amagwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono, ndiye kuti anachronism.
Q. Kodi mungapereke chitsanzo cha anachronism m'mabuku?
A. Zedi! M'sewero la Shakespeare "Julius Caesar," ngati munthu amatchula kugwiritsa ntchito microwave, ndiye kuti ma microwaves sanapangidwe mpaka zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pake.
Q. Chifukwa chiyani olemba amagwiritsa ntchito anachronisms mwadala?
A. Olemba angagwiritse ntchito ma anachronisms kuti azichita nthabwala kapena kuwunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kupanga mfundo kapena kukopa omvera awo mogwira mtima.
Q. Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati wolemba mwangozi aphatikiza anachronism?
A. Anachronism mwangozi imatha kusokoneza owerenga, kubweretsa chisokonezo, kapena kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa ntchitoyo, makamaka mu zopeka za mbiri yakale.
Q. Kodi ma anachronism amapezeka kwambiri mufilimu kapena zolemba?
A. Ma Anachronism atha kupezeka mufilimu ndi m'mabuku, koma amatha kuwonekera kwambiri mufilimu popeza zowoneka nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kusagwirizana bwino kwambiri.
Q. Zingatheke bwanji olemba amapewa anachronism mwangozi?
A. Olemba atha kuchita kafukufuku wozama za nthawi yomwe akulemba ndikuwunikanso kawiri kuti atsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi mbiri yakale.
Q. Kodi anachronism wotchuka mu mafilimu ndi chiyani?
A. Mu "Braveheart," ochita zisudzo amawonedwa atavala ma kilt, zomwe ndi zofanana kuyambira pomwe zida zidadziwika zaka mazana ambiri filimuyo idakhazikitsidwa.
Q. Kodi owerenga onse amazindikira ma anachronisms?
A. Si onse owerenga omwe amazindikira ma anachronism, makamaka ngati sadziwa nthawi yeniyeni. Komabe, iwo omwe ali odziwa bwino amawapeza akudodometsa.
Q. Kodi anachronism angawonjezere pa mutu wankhani?
A. Inde, anachronism ikhoza kutsindika mitu, monga kutsutsana kwa mfundo zamakono ndi zachikhalidwe, kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwa owerenga pa mitu imeneyo.
Q. Kodi pali mtundu wa zopeka pomwe ma anachronism amayembekezeredwa?
A. Mumitundu ngati steampunk kapena zongopeka zamitundu ina, ma anachronism nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo la chithumwa, kuphatikiza zinthu zakale zosiyanasiyana kuti apange mawonekedwe apadera.
Kutsiliza
Zinthu zosayembekezereka zili ngati alendo osayembekezereka paphwando—angatidabwitse, kutiseketsa, ngakhale kutisokoneza. Zimakhala chikumbutso chakuti nthawi ndi nthano yovuta, ndipo nthawi zina, zinthu zochokera m'nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimatha kudutsana m'njira zochititsa chidwi. Kaya muzolemba, filimu, kapena zojambulajambula, kuwona anachronism kungayambitse chidwi ndi kutilimbikitsa kufufuza nkhani ndi mbiri yozungulira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzakumana ndi anachronism, tengani kamphindi kuti tithokoze momwe imathandizira kumvetsetsa kwathu nkhani kapena uthenga womwe ukuperekedwa. Kupatula apo, ngakhale nkhani zolembedwa bwino kwambiri zimatha kupindula ndi kusewera kwakanthawi kochepa.
